Scientists from Stellenbosch University were investigating groundwater salinity in a remote area of Namaqualand, about 530 kilometers north of Cape Town, South Africa. While doing this, they discovered a 34,000-year-old termite mound. Soil scientists Cathy Clarke and Michelle Francis, along with graduate students from Stellenbosch University, dug a trench through the original mound.
Scientists later confirmed through radiocarbon dating that the organic matter in the termite mound was at least 19,000 years old. And its minerals are more than 34,000 years old, indicating a period before the last ice age.
The discovery suggests a long history of termite activity in the region and highlights their role as ecosystem engineers. Termites are often viewed only as pests due to their destructive effects on agriculture. But they also play an important role in soil structure and fertility. Termites create different habitats within the same biome by redistributing organic matter, contributing to the incredible biodiversity of Rasalo Karoo, recognized as the world's most biodiverse desert region.
Interestingly, scientists have now found that termite activity also affects groundwater salinity. Minerals and salts accumulated over thousands of years in their mounds flow and mix with groundwater during rainfall. As a result, termites also contributed to the high salinity of the groundwater in the area.
The researchers described termite activity as a natural carbon sink. It helps to store carbon deep in the soil by burying organic matter. This reduces the release of carbon into the atmosphere. As a result, termites may be important in the fight against climate change.
Clarke and Francis attempt to integrate termite activity into carbon models. Their findings indicate that these tiny insects are significantly influencing carbon cycles and ecosystem conditions. Their project has already attracted international attention. Scientists feel the need for further research into the role of termites in carbon sequestration.
This groundbreaking research not only illuminates the ecological importance of termites but also establishes the concept of these animals from mere pests to important regulators of environmental protection and climate resilience.
