Bangladesh’s fisheries sector is playing an important role in the country’s economic development, nutritional demand and creating employment. This sector is not only meeting the country’s food needs, but also contributes to the export of exports and foreign currency in the international market. There are both the potential and challenges of the fisheries sector in Bangladesh. Since the fisheries sector is one of the most productive and dynamic sectors, the economy has been playing an important role in the last few decades. Since independence, Bangladesh has made significant progress in the fisheries sector.
This sector is playing a very important role in socio-economic development and demands the possibility of future development in the agricultural economy of Bangladesh. GDP growth in the fisheries sector is 2.5 percent and the fisheries sector contribute to the overall agricultural sector in the fiscal year (BBS 2021). About 12% of the population or about 200 million people are directly or indirectly employed in various activities under the fisheries sector for their livelihood. Bangladesh earns significant amounts of foreign currency by exporting fish, shrimp and other fisheries products; Which contributes 1.5% of the total national export earnings (EPB-2021). In 2021-21, Bangladesh has earned Tk 1.5 crore by exporting 4,000 metric tonnes of fish and fisheries products. This sector provides the main part of all used animal proteins (5%).
However, it is one of the challenges to increase the supply of safe fish and increase its supply by protecting domestic fish. Climate change is undergoing negative impact on coastal fisheries resources due to warming, rains and inadequate rainfall, sea water height and salinity. Due to the infiltration of salt water in the rivers, freshwater fish and primary productivity are changing. Fish habitats, walking fields, movements and breeding are being affected. The degradation of the climate of the climate is also changing many behavioral features of the fish. Natural breeding of fish is being severely hampered. The negative impact is also on the species of fish.
Experts believe that it is possible to increase the production of fish from these reservoirs by bringing internal open reservoirs under science -based management. In the meantime, the present government is planning to improve the fisheries resources of Howar. As a result, the production of fish will increase and the income of the people employed in this sector will increase in rural Bengal. Above all, the demand for protein of the people of the country will be fully met. The talented nation will be developed. The rural economy will be rich. The overall prosperity of the country will be fulfilled.
Besides, the level of underground water is gradually down as the water level of the pond-dighi is decreasing. The ponds that were in the ponds all year long are being converted to the seasonal pond (only in the rain). The construction of habitat, roads, barricade and industries for the growing population, filling ponds and natural reservoirs is decreasing the number of cultivated ponds and natural reservoirs. As a result, fisheries are adversely affected by the production of fisheries and domestic fish. Especially due to the application of excessive pesticides in the land, killing pona and eggs and indiscriminate fishing during the breeding season of fish, many native fish are no longer found. There are a total of 20 species of sweet fish in the internal free reservoir in Bangladesh.
According to the IUCN (IUCN) of the 27th, the fish of six species are extinct. However, the local fish has been established at the Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute in the efforts of the government so that the native fish can be brought back to the people’s legs.
Besides, the continued efforts of scientists of the Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute have been returned to the extinct freshwater fish. In areas where these fish will disappear, fish pona will be supplied from Live Jin Bank to that area. So that new fish can spread in that area. The words are fish pona, gold in the country. And indigenous fish are the nutritional reservoir. According to experts, the native fish contain a lot of calcium, phosphorus, iron and iodine minerals and vitamins. Moreover, indigenous fish have blindness, anemia, gallbladder resistance. Especially pregnant mothers and children need to eat small fish.
These nutrients of indigenous fish are unparalleled to build the safety of food. This is why native fish need to be preserved and cultivated. In order to protect this indigenous fish, the fish must be covered in a scientific manner. Several strategies can be adopted so that indigenous species of fish are more available in closed reservoirs. They are arranging small species of fish in the paddy field and making mini ponds in the paddy field to get such fish throughout the year; Not using unplanned pesticides, not fishing during the breeding season of fish, not using current nets, china duwari and leaked mesh, not applying poison in ponds or natural reservoirs to reduce monster fish, mixed small species of fish with roe fish, festive floodplains and ponds.
In particular, the government is implementing a number of special programs in collaboration with the Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock and the Department of Department under it to address the challenges of internal fish farming and increase productivity. These programs include biological management of open water, community -based fisheries management, bill nurseries, restoration of fish houses, restoration of fish to facilitate breeding and immigration, establishing and maintenance for biodiversity conservation, and maintenance of cage, and maintenance. Campaigns, rallies, meetings, establishing hilsa sanctuaries, monsoon fishing, distribution of rice among poor fishermen, alternative livelihoods of fishermen by providing cows, goats, sheep, poultry, vans and rickshaws as cash encouragement, use of fishermen and conservation laws and conservation. The main aim of these programs is to increase the production of fish by increasing fish production and improving the quality of life of fishermen and other partners by increasing income.
In recent years, about 5 fisheries sanctuaries and six hilsa sanctuaries have been set up in selected reservoirs for the country’s hilsa, fisheries conservation and development. Due to environmentally friendly initiatives, the production of fish has increased significantly through the collecting fisheries and the abundance of endangered species, which are improving aquatic biodiversity. In particular, the importance of fisheries resources in fulfilling the food and nutritional needs of the country, the need for fisheries resources, the use of state -of -the -art technology in the open, closed and marine area, the use of sophisticated technology in proper management, the role of fisheries in poverty alleviation and economic development, and the growth of the country and the development of the country. Is being celebrated. This time (2021) National Fisheries Week is being celebrated from August 1 to August 25, with the theme “I build sanctuary, domestic fish”. Our relationship with fish is living and living. From the past, this country was a fish reservoir. Fish is one of the sources of animal feed. A large part of the nutritional needs from the village to the city is met from the fish.
At present, 12.5 percent of the animal feed in Bangladesh comes from fish. According to one information, the production of fish in the newly independent Bangladesh after the liberation war was only 3,000 tonnes. But in the course of time, a total of 1.5 lakh metric tonnes of fish have been produced in 2021-21 in the huge potential water resources with the cooperation of all concerned organizations including the Government Fisheries Department and Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute. Where the internal open reservoir (agriculture) contributes 26.5% (1.12 lakh metric tons) to total fish production and internal closed reservoir (agriculture) 1.5% (26.5 lakh metric tons).
Thus, 1.5% of the total fish production comes from internal fisheries cultivation. The growth rate of internal fisheries collection and internal cultivation fisheries collection is 2.5% and 5.12% respectively. On the other hand, marine fisheries production is 8.25 lakh metric tons and its contribution to the production of fisheries is 12.5%, the growth rate is 5.7%. In addition, according to FAO report “The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2022”, Bangladesh is ranked fifth in the world for the production of fish in the internal free reservoir and in closed reservoir. Bangladesh is fourth in the world in the production of tilapia and third in Asia. Crustasians earn 5th in the world in the world and 5th place in the Coastal and Marine fish. Besides, Bangladesh is in the first place among the world producing six hilsa. Hilsa (hilsa) is the national fish of Bangladesh. There is a special demand for all religions, castes and tribes towards this fish. Although the production of hilsa fish has increased due to various initiatives of the government, the fish remain out of reach of the common people due to the syndicate of the most profitable traders in the market.
Hilsa (Scientific Name: Tenualosa Ilyisha) is one of the largest single species of fisheries in Bangladesh; Which contributes significantly to the country’s total fish production. About 1.5% of the country’s total fish production comes from the hilsa. The growth rate of hilsa production is 5.7%. It should be noted that the hilsa has been declared as the geographical indicator (GI) product of Bangladesh and this year the production of hilsa is about 1.25 lakh metric tons. Shrimp, on the other hand, is one of the major export products in Bangladesh. The total shrimp and shrimp production in 2021-21 was 2.5 lakh metric tons and its current growth rate was 5.7%. Shrimp and Finfish cultivation are being expanded in coastal aquatic cultivation and total shrimp production has increased in the last 20 years. Furthermore, the marine waters of 1 lakh 3 thousand 3 square kilometers expanded in the southern part of the country are one of the main reserves of our fisheries.
The government has given special importance to ensure sustainable management of this sea border. As part of this, Marine Protected Area (MPA) announces and advanced management activities are in progress. The Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock is already marine reserve, Nizhumdip Marine reserved area and naf marine reserved for conservation of marine biodiversity
The areas have declared marine protected areas. As a result, the country’s maritime water border has been declared preserved to the area of 5 sq km (5.7 percent), which is a significant progress in Bangladesh to achieve the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 4.1). Under the initiatives and sponsorships of the government, there has been an unprecedented success in the fisheries sector of the country. Bangladesh is now self -sufficient in fish production. Our success in fisheries production has also gained recognition in the international arena. Although fish farming becomes popular in the closed reservoir in the country, there are still many species of fish in the free reservoir and the proper environment for these fish should be ensured; So that the mother fish can stay in the sector of every fisheries throughout the year.
It is to be noted that experts believe that the production of fish from these reservoirs can be increased significantly by bringing internal open reservoirs under science -based management. In the meantime, the present government is planning to improve the fisheries resources of Howar. As a result, the production of fish will increase and the income of the people employed in this sector will increase in rural Bengal. Above all, the demand for protein of the people of the country will be fully met. The talented nation will be developed. The rural economy will be rich. The overall prosperity of the country will be fulfilled.
Author: Mass Communication Officer, Fisheries and Livestock Information Department, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock.
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